Heat olive oil in a large soup pot over medium heat. Add onion, carrots, and celery. Cook 6–8 minutes, until softened.
Stir in garlic and cook 30 seconds, just until fragrant.
Season with 1 tsp kosher salt and a few turns of black pepper. Stir in tomato paste and cook 1 minute.
Add diced tomatoes, vegetable broth, thyme, oregano, and bay leaf. Bring to a boil, then reduce to a steady simmer. Cook 20 minutes to develop flavor.
Add green beans, potatoes, lima beans, and corn. Simmer 12–15 minutes, or until the potatoes are tender.
Remove bay leaf. Stir in lemon juice and optional sugar, if using.
Taste and adjust salt and pepper as needed.
Cool completely before freezing.